Iishaftszizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zoomatshini, zisebenza njengomqolo oxhasa zonke izinto zokudlulisa ngelixa zithumela i-torque kunye namaxesha okugoba kweebheringi. Uyilo lweshaft akufuneki lugxile kuphela kwiimpawu zalo zodwa kodwa luqwalasele nokuhlanganiswa kwayo nesakhiwo siphela senkqubo yeshaft. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthwalo ofunyanwa ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla, ishafts zingahlulwahlulwa zibe zii-spindles, ii-drive shafts, kunye nee-rotary shafts. Zingahlulwahlulwa ngokusekwe kwimilo yazo ye-axis zibe zii-straight shafts, ii-eccentric shafts, ii-crankshafts, kunye nee-flexible shafts.
Iispindle
1.I-Spindle eQinisekisiweyo
Olu hlobo lwe-spindle luthwala kuphela amaxesha okugoba ngelixa luhlala lungashukumi. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olulula kunye nokuqina kwayo okuhle kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengee-axle zebhayisekile.
2. I-Spindle ejikelezayo
Ngokungafaniyo nee-spindles ezizinzileyo, ii-spindles ezijikelezayo nazo zithwala amaxesha okugoba xa zishukuma. Zifumaneka rhoqo kwii-axles zamavili esitimela.
Ishaft yokuqhuba
Iishafti zokuqhuba zenzelwe ukuhambisa i-torque kwaye zihlala zinde ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza. Ukuthintela ukungcangcazela okukhulu okubangelwa ngamandla e-centrifugal, ubunzima beshafti yokuqhuba busasazwa ngokulinganayo kumjikelezo wayo. Iishafti zokuqhuba zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa uyilo olungenanto, olubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neeshafti eziqinileyo, okwenza zikhuseleke kwaye zisebenzise kakuhle izinto. Umzekelo, iishafti zokuqhuba zeemoto zihlala zenziwe ngeepleyiti zentsimbi ezityebileyo, ngelixa izithuthi ezinzima zihlala zisebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo.
Ishafti ejikelezayo
Iishafti ezijikelezayo zahlukile kuba zinyamezela ukugoba kunye nokujika, nto leyo eyenza zibe yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwizixhobo zoomatshini.
Ishafti Ethe Tye
Iishafti ezithe tye zine-axis ethe tye kwaye zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziishafti ezikhanyayo nezinezitepsi. Iishafti ezithe tye zihlala zingcolile, kodwa zinokwenziwa zibe zimbobo ukuze zinciphise ubunzima ngelixa zigcina ukuqina kunye nozinzo olujikelezayo.
1. Umgodi wokukhanya
Ilula ngokwemilo kwaye kulula ukuyenza, le mijelo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseni.
2. Umgodi onyuswe ngezitepsi
Ishafti ene-cross-section ende ethe tyaba ibizwa ngokuba yi-stepped shaft. Olu yilo lwenza kube lula ukufakela nokubeka izinto kwindawo yazo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusasazweni komthwalo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona imilo yayo ifana neye-beam enamandla afanayo, inamanqaku amaninzi oxinzelelo. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, i-stepped shafts isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudlulisa.
3. I-Camshaft
I-camshaft yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinjini zepiston. Kwiinjini ezine-stroke ezine, i-camshaft isebenza ngesiqingatha sesantya se-crankshaft, kodwa isagcina isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kwaye kufuneka inyamezele i-torque enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, uyilo lwe-camshaft lubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kumandla ayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuxhasa.
Ii-camshafts zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi ekhethekileyo, nangona ezinye zenziwe ngezinto ezibunjiweyo ukuze zihlale ixesha elide. Uyilo lwe-camshaft ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwenjini iyonke.
4. I-Spline Shaft
Ii-spline shafts zibizwa ngokuba zibonakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo, zine-longitudinal keyway kumphezulu wazo. Ezi ndlela zivumela izinto ezijikelezayo ezifakwe kwi-shaft ukugcina ukujikeleza okuhambelanayo. Ukongeza kolu buchule bokujikeleza, ii-spline shafts zikwavumela intshukumo ye-axial, kunye noyilo oluthile oluquka iindlela zokutshixa ezinokuthenjwa zokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuqhobosha kunye nokuqhuba.
Olunye uhlobo yi-telescopic shaft, equlathe iityhubhu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ityhubhu yangaphandle inamazinyo angaphakathi, ngelixa ityhubhu yangaphakathi inamazinyo angaphandle, nto leyo evumela ukuba avumelane ngaphandle komthungo. Olu yilo aludlulisi nje kuphela i-rotational torque kodwa lukwabonelela nangobuchule bokwandisa nokunciphisa ubude, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuhambisa izixhobo.
5. Umgodi weGiya
Xa umgama ukusuka kwisangqa se-dedendum segiya ukuya ezantsi kwendlela yesitshixo umncinci, igiya kunye ne-shaft zidityaniswe kwiyunithi enye, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-gear shaft. Le nxalenye yoomatshini ixhasa iindawo ezijikelezayo kwaye isebenza kunye nazo ukuhambisa intshukumo, i-torque, okanye amaxesha okugoba.
6. Umgodi wempethu
Umngxuma we-worm uhlala wakhiwe njengeyunithi enye edibanisa zombini umngxuma kunye nomngxuma.
7. Umgodi ongenanto
Umngxuma owenziwe ngesiziko esingenanto uyaziwa ngokuba ngumngxuma ongenanto. Xa udlulisa i-torque, umaleko wangaphandle womngxuma ongenanto ufumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokucheba, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezinto. Phantsi kweemeko apho umzuzu wokugoba wemingxuma engenanto neqinileyo ulingana, imingxuma engenanto inciphisa ubunzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
I-Crankshaft
I-crankshaft yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinjini, edla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni okanye intsimbi ethambileyo. Inamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo: ijenali ephambili kunye nejenali yentonga yokudibanisa. Ijenali ephambili ifakwe kwibhloko yenjini, ngelixa ijenali yentonga yokudibanisa iqhagamshela kwisiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa. Isiphelo esincinci sentonga yokudibanisa siqhagamshelwe kwipiston ekwisilinda, senza indlela ye-crank-slider yakudala.
Umgodi Ongaguqukiyo
I-shaft eccentric ichazwa njenge-shaft ene-axis engahambelaniyo nombindi wayo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-shafts eziqhelekileyo, ezinceda kakhulu ukujikeleza kwezinto, i-shafts eccentric ziyakwazi ukudlulisa zombini i-ratiation kunye ne-revolution. Ukulungisa umgama ophakathi phakathi kwe-shafts, i-shafts eccentric zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokudibanisa ezicwangcisiweyo, njengeenkqubo zokuqhuba i-V-belt.
Umgodi oguquguqukayo
Iishafti eziguquguqukayo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhambisa i-torque kunye nentshukumo. Ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokuqina kwazo okujikelezayo, iishafti eziguquguqukayo zinokuhamba ngokulula kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo, zivumela ukudluliselwa komgama omde phakathi kwamandla okuqala kunye nomatshini osebenzayo.
Ezi shafts zinceda ukudluliselwa kwentshukumo phakathi kwee-axes ezimbini ezinentshukumo ehambelanayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokudlulisa eziphakathi, nto leyo ezenza zibe zilungele ukusetyenziswa kumgama omde. Uyilo lwazo olulula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi zinegalelo ekuthandweni kwazo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini. Ukongeza, iishafts eziguquguqukayo zinceda ukufunxa ukungcangcazela kunye nokungcangcazela, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka izixhobo zamandla eziphathwa ngesandla, iinkqubo ezithile zokudlulisela kwizixhobo zoomatshini, ii-odometer, kunye nezixhobo zolawulo olukude.
1. Umatshini oguquguqukayo wohlobo lwamandla
Iishafti eziguquguqukayo zohlobo lwamandla zinonxibelelwano oluzinzileyo kwisiphelo sejoyinti yeshafti ethambileyo, exhotyiswe ngesingxobo esityibilikayo ngaphakathi kwejoyinti yepayipi. Ezi shafti zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque. Imfuneko esisiseko yeeshafti eziguquguqukayo zohlobo lwamandla kukuqina okwaneleyo kwe-torsional. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi shafti ziquka iindlela zokulwa nokubuyela umva ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuya kwicala elinye. Umaleko wangaphandle wakhiwe ngocingo lwentsimbi olunobubanzi obukhulu, kwaye ezinye iindlela azibandakanyi intonga engundoqo, nto leyo ephucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuguquguquka.
2. Uhlobo loLawulo lweShaft eguquguqukayo
Iishafti eziguquguqukayo zohlobo lolawulo zenzelwe ikakhulu ukudlulisa intshukumo. I-torque eziyithumelayo isetyenziselwa ukoyisa i-torque yokungqubana eveliswa phakathi kwe-shaft eguquguqukayo yocingo kunye ne-hose. Ukongeza ekubeni nokuqina okugobileyo okuphantsi, ezi shafti kufuneka zibe nokuqina okwaneleyo kokujika. Xa kuthelekiswa neeshafti eziguquguqukayo zohlobo lombane, iishafti eziguquguqukayo zohlobo lolawulo zibonakaliswa ziimpawu zazo zesakhiwo, ezibandakanya ubukho bentonga engundoqo, inani eliphezulu leeleya ezijikelezayo, kunye nobubanzi obuncinci bentambo.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-Flexible Shaft
Iishafti eziguquguqukayo zihlala ziqulathe izinto ezininzi: ishafti eguquguqukayo yocingo, ijoyinti yeshafti eguquguqukayo, ipayipi kunye nejoyinti yepayipi.
1. I-Shaft eguquguqukayo yentambo
Umngxuma oguquguqukayo wentambo, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumngxuma oguquguqukayo, wakhiwe ngeengqimba ezininzi zentsimbi ezidibeneyo, zenza icandelo elijikelezayo. Umaleko ngamnye uneengcingo ezininzi ezidibeneyo ngaxeshanye, nto leyo enika isakhiwo esifana nesipringi esineentambo ezininzi. Umaleko ongaphakathi wentambo ujikelezwe yintonga engundoqo, kunye neengqimba ezikufutshane ezijikelezwe kwicala elahlukileyo. Olu yilo lusetyenziswa kakhulu koomatshini bezolimo.
2. I-Flexible Shaft Joint
Ijoyinti yeshaft eguquguqukayo yenzelwe ukudibanisa ishaft ephumayo kumandla kwizinto ezisebenzayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zoqhagamshelo: ezizinzileyo nezityibilikayo. Uhlobo oluzinzileyo ludla ngokusetyenziselwa iishaft ezimfutshane neziguquguqukayo okanye kwiindawo apho iradius yokugoba ihlala ingaguqukiyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uhlobo lokutyibilikayo lusetyenziswa xa iradius yokugoba itshintsha kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, okuvumela intshukumo enkulu ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuze ivumelane notshintsho lobude njengoko ipayipi igoba.
3. I-Hose kunye ne-Hose Joint
Ipayipi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yishelufu yokukhusela, isebenza ukukhusela i-shaft eguquguqukayo yentambo ekudibaneni nezinto zangaphandle, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomqhubi. Ukongeza, inokugcina izinto zokuthambisa kwaye ithintele ukungcola ukuba kungangeni. Ngexesha lokusebenza, ipayipi inika inkxaso, okwenza i-shaft eguquguqukayo ibe lula ukuyiphatha. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ipayipi ayijikelezi ne-shaft eguquguqukayo ngexesha lokudluliselwa, okuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle nangokufanelekileyo.
Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi ye-shafts kubalulekile kwiinjineli kunye nabayili ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo ze-mechanical. Ngokukhetha uhlobo lwe-shaft olufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile, umntu unokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobude bexesha loomatshini. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezixhobo ze-mechanical kunye nezicelo zazo, hlala ubukele uhlaziyo lwethu lwamva nje!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-15-2024
